Figurative Language

Corporations Law The Scallop Fishing

Question: Portray about the Corporations Law for The Scallop Fishing. Answer: 1. The Scallop angling is limited to specific locales of AFZ and furthermore it is confined by amount and according to the rights conceded under AFMA rules as encircled. The Scallop Fishing and Marketing Act oversee the Scallop angling and showcasing in Australia and under exacting share framework which is likewise leveled out of Scallop Marketing Authority. The Scallop angling or rather any angling is overseen by AFMA or Australian Fisheries Management Authority which is confined to AFZ or Australian Fishing Zone and it is constrained to 200 nautical miles limit. The Offshore Constitutional Settlement or OCS is made between the states and central government to deal with the angling control. The above case is to be likewise guided by the AFZ or OCS or AFMA laid rules in the Fisheries Management Act, 1991 where it is set out those rights are allowed to every single angler or even an angling organization (Afma, 2016). These rights are identified with angling of a specific fish type permitted, day by day or yearly standard or amount fixed, kind of pontoons to utilized, sorts of types of gear to be utilized, regardless of whether it ought to be straightforwardly or through any agent, on the off chance that sort of vessel isn't known, at that point it ought to be later informed to AFMA and the rights are allowed as a license which is additionally obligatory to do any kind of angling inside the AFZ areas and as indicated. Segment 32 says about the grants and its issuance. The license additionally specifies certain rules under segment 41A to work together appropriately. The rights may likewise given by the use of delicate or by exceptional sale called by the AFMA to give unique rights where any individual is having greater ability to make reap as determined by AFMA in the bartering. These are thus extraordinary rights allowed and they are extremely uncommon and not given in ordinary course of the frame work (Wa, 2016). The limit of Bob was in excess of 50 tons of Scallops in a year yet he can't make more gather within the sight of such limitations as referenced under the AFMA which is additionally administered by OCS. His girl Alice has exhorted him to shape an organization and make more reap yet it won't be the correct procedure in doing angling business according to anyones will. Be that as it may, the rights are required can be just allowed by AFMA. Extraordinary rights award can be given by the AFMA is conceivable if just AFMA thinks it fit on accepting application from people intrigued to take rights in various angling and in numerous areas and more than the quantity. The angling of limited things is to be finished with clear grant where the specific thing and portion on yearly premise is referenced. On making utilization of the endorsed structure to AFMA the new right can be allowed to every single intrigued individual to take up fisheries in the AFZ areas. The Scallop angling is confined as this is a pricey angling item which is for the most part sold in Asian market through Hongkong and European market. Consequently the limitations are forced to control unapproved angling by anybody to make more benefits which are not allowed by AFMA. All angling organizations are likewise administered by The Fisheries Management Act, 1991 and are to work through licenses gave by AFMA based on the composed application in the recommended structure for award of rights. In this way making organization isn't right yet the unique right or closeout might be the correct method to accomplish more business. Subsequently to get more business rights the composed applications must be given to the AFMA for permitting unique rights for increment of amount in the years and furthermore to build the kind of angling things in the rights and allows conceded consequently. The grant and privileges of the Scallops angling given by the AFMA for AFZ is a lot of the methodical methodology of the Australian government so the angling business can be developed with flawlessness and with right pace. Subsequently the arrangement of closeout is likewise made to give the privilege to the individuals who have greater ability to accomplish more business or have goal to make progressively out of the advantage gave by AFMA (Dpipwe, 2016). 2. The New Nirvana Ltd, an organization possessed by a couple of individuals from rock brand have drifted a couple of completely claimed auxiliaries that do the show setting work. One of such auxiliaries is Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd who is liable for setting up sound types of gear in Australia. The completely possessed auxiliaries are the parent organizations arm or it tends to be said that these auxiliaries are framed with a reason to make the business progressively beneficial and better controlled as the activity zone gets isolated into these entirely claimed auxiliaries. As of late the Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd has sorted out the sound frameworks for a show of the musical crew at Sydney where the sound level was kept high or more as far as possible with carelessness and because of which the meeting issue happened to five crowds who were participating in the show. These five crowds was basically harmed in their ears and had the lasting loss of hearing limit and because of this they accused the Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd and have guaranteed for pay for the harms brought about by their carelessness. The auxiliary didn't had carelessness protection and hence it couldn't make the harms guarantee directly for the five crowds who lost their hearing limit because of the careless utilization of the elevated level of the sound framework. The law says that the holding organization of any completely auxiliary organizations are additionally mindful of the controlling these auxiliaries and in this way the carelessness of any entirely claimed auxiliaries done are or turn into a circuitous duty of the parent organization. The offenses are additionally an aberrant piece of the holding organization. Henceforth for this situation additionally the sound level setting at an extremely elevated level and the loss of hearing by five crowds are a roundabout activity of the New Nirvana Ltd. Subsequently the carelessness protection guarantee by these five crowds were made to New Nirvana Ltd. were defended yet the absence of carelessness protection by Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd. didn't ready to make the harms guarantee. Thus the five crowds currently positioned the cases of harms to the New Nirvana Ltd and it turns into the sole duty to make great the harms of the five crowds as the sound level ought to have been kept according to the given or set rules and when their auxiliary was both careless in not keeping up the sound level and furthermore not to have the carelessness protection. Consequently the New Nirvana will undoubtedly make the harms by either making direct settlement or by utilization of any protection of any kind which is identified with such issue which might be identified with hearing misfortune. What's more, it shows that the organization just as its auxiliary ought to have taken the protection which is or may have spared the harms guarantee through the protection arrangement taken. The harms ought to be made by the New Nirvana Ltd as there is no other way lawfully. The lawful ties of the holding organization over its all auxiliaries are obviously referenced in spite of the fact that the auxiliaries go about as discrete people or substance yet in the event of any missteps by such organizations the holding organizations likewise get into the legitimate knot according to the auxiliary and holding organizations lawful ties included and obligations towards society and furthermore towards government. It shows additionally that the lawful side of different kinds must be concentrated in doing any business where protection has a significant impact on account of making any harms right. Without protection the misfortune because of harms can profoundly influence the benefit of the business and furthermore it must be seen that such lawfulness of rules must be looked after (Murphy, 1998). 3. Simon, Don and Michael began an undertaking the executives organization called Millennium Pty Ltd. where Don was a specialist and he was named by both Simon and Michael as the Solicitor of the new development. The companys constitution likewise referenced that he will act if there should arise an occurrence of any land was to be bought. Following a couple of years went of the new business both Simon and Michael ran over another specialist who according to their view is more effective than Don and designates him. On this Don began a legitimate activity despite the fact that he is a piece of the organization however in the constitution it was referenced that any contest between the organization and its accomplices must be first alluded to an authority under the watchful eye of moving to court. Be that as it may, here the authority was not counseled by Don however he forced lawful procedures against the organization alongside Simon and Michael which is for all intents and purposes in infringement to the understanding done by constantly of beginning the organization. The organization subsequently can and ought to guard the case by putting of the lawful rules according to the companys constitution which plainly says that a debate can be settled by approaching a judge who can comprehend the contest and make fundamental intercession first rather than any lawful activities or any court procedures consequently the lawful activity taken by Don isn't right and according to the legitimate rules laid in the constitution of the organization framed (Lawsocietysa, 2016). The constitution is an authoritative records likewise and in the event that Don is disregarding the focuses or provisions referenced there, at that point he is first accomplishing something unlawful himself by starting legitimate procedure. In this procedure of starting legitimate activity against the organization he is additionally doing a lawful procedure against him just as he is likewise an accomplice of the organization albeit other than he was selected by Simon and Michael as specialist if there should arise an occurrence of land buy by the organization. Henceforth the difference in specialist is certifiably not a serious deal in Australia according to their qualification is concerned and is likewise expected to legitimize the legitimateness of the choice taken by Don. The lawful activity will be and can be countered by both Simon and Michael on the ground that the authority ought to have been counseled before any legitimate activity as these abused the current position previou sly acknowledged and framed in the constitution. The lawful rules according to the arrangements of Legal Pra

The History of Depression and Treatment

The History of Depression and Treatment Depression Causes Print The History of Depression Accounts, treatments, and beliefs through the ages By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2014 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids De Agostini / Archivio J. Lange / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Earliest Accounts Ancient Beliefs Common Era 18th and 19th Centuries Recent Beliefs Treatments in Recent Past Understanding Today View All While no single person can be credited with the discovery of depression, there have been a whole series of great thinkers who have contributedâ€"and continue to contributeâ€"to our growing understanding of just what this illness really is. In order to better understand how researchers, doctors, and psychologists think about this condition today, it can be helpful to take a look back at the history of depression. Earliest Accounts of Depression The earliest written accounts of what is now known as depression appeared in the second millennium B.C.E. in Mesopotamia. In these writings, depression was discussed as a spiritual rather than a physical condition. Like other mental illnesses, it was believed to be caused by demonic possession. As such, it was dealt with by priests rather than physicians.?? The idea of depression being caused by demons and evil spirits has existed in many cultures, including those of the ancient Greeks, Romans, Babylonians, Chinese, and Egyptians. Because of this belief, it was often treated with methods such as beatings, physical restraint, and starvation in an attempt to drive the demons out. While many believed that demons were the root cause of depression, there were a number of ancient Greek and Roman doctors who believed that depression was a biological and psychological illness. Greek and Roman doctors used therapeutic methods such as gymnastics, massage, diet, music, baths, and a medication containing poppy extract and donkeys milk to treat their patients.??? An Overview of Clinical Depression Ancient Beliefs in Physical Causes of Depression As far as physical causes, a Greek physician named Hippocrates is credited with the idea that depression, or melancholia as it was known then, was caused by an imbalance in four body fluids, called humors: yellow bile, black bile, phlegm, and blood.?? Specifically, melancholia was attributed to an excess of black bile in the spleen. Hippocrates treatments of choice included bloodletting, baths, exercise, and diet. A Roman philosopher and statesman named Cicero, in contrast, believed that melancholia had psychological causes such as rage, fear, and grief.   In the last years before the common era, in spite of some steps toward believing in more physical and mental causes of depression, it was still a very common belief among even educated Romans that depression and other mental illnesses were caused by demons and by the anger of the gods. Depression Causes and Treatment in the Common Era During the common era, many barbaric and primitive treatments for depression continued to be the norm. Cornelius Celsus (25 BCE to 50 CE) reportedly recommended the very harsh treatments of starvation, shackles, and beating in cases of mental illness.?? A Persian doctor named Rhazes (865â€"925 CE), however, did see mental illness as arising from the brain and recommended such treatments as baths and a very early form of behavior therapy which involved positive rewards for appropriate behavior. During the Middle Ages, religion, especially Christianity, dominated European thinking on mental illness, with people again attributing it to the devil, demons, or witches. Exorcisms, drowning, and burning were popular treatments of the time. Many people were locked up in so-called lunatic asylums. While some doctors continued to seek physical causes for depression and other mental illnesses, they were in the minority. During the Renaissance, which began in 14th century Italy and spread throughout Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, witch hunts and executions of the mentally ill were still quite common; however, some doctors were revisiting the idea of mental illness having a natural rather than a supernatural cause. In the year 1621, Robert Burton published a book called Anatomy of Melancholy  in which he outlined both social and psychological causes of depression such as poverty, fear, and loneliness. In this volume, he made recommendations like diet, exercise, travel, purgatives (to clear toxins from the body), bloodletting, herbs, and music therapy in the treatment of depression.?? The 18th and 19th Centuries During the 18th and 19th centuries, also called the Age of Enlightenment, depression came to be viewed as a weakness in temperament that was inherited and could not be changed. The result of these beliefs was that people with this condition should be shunned or locked up. During the latter part of the Age of Enlightenment, doctors began to suggest the idea that aggression was at the root of the condition.?? Treatments such as exercise, diet, music,  and drugs were now advocated and doctors suggested that it was important to talk about your problems with your friends or a doctor. Other doctors of the time spoke of depression as resulting from internal conflicts between what you want and what you know is right. And yet others sought to identify the physical causes of this condition. Depression treatments during the Age of Enlightenment included water immersion (people were kept underwater for long as possible without drowning) and a spinning stool to induce dizziness, which was believed to put the brain contents back into their correct positions. Benjamin Franklin is also reported to have developed an early form of electroshock therapy during this time.??? In addition, horseback riding, diet changes, enemas, and vomiting were recommended treatments. Modern Treatments for Depression Recent Beliefs About Depression In 1895, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin became the first to distinguish manic depression, what we now know as bipolar disorder, as an illness separate from dementia praecox (the term for schizophrenia at the time).??  Around this same time, psychodynamic theory and  psychoanalysisâ€"the type of psychotherapy based on this theoryâ€"were developed. Psychoanalytic Explanations In 1917, Sigmund Freud wrote about mourning and melancholia where he theorized about melancholia as being a response to loss, either real (for example, a death) or symbolic (such as failure to achieve the desired goal). Freud further believed that a persons unconscious anger over their loss leads to self-hatred and self-destructive behavior. He felt that psychoanalysis could help a person resolve these unconscious conflicts, reducing self-destructive thoughts and behaviors.?? Other doctors during this time, however, saw depression as a brain disorder. Behavioral Explanations The behaviorist movement in psychology contributed to the idea that behaviors are learned through experience. The behaviorists rejected the idea that depression was caused by unconscious forces and instead suggested that it was a learned behavior. Just as these depressive behaviors had been learned, they could also be unlearned. Principles of learning such as association and reinforcement could be used to establish and strengthen more effective, healthier behaviors. While psychologists today recognize that experience is not the sole determinant of behavior, behaviorism led to the development of a number of treatment approaches that continue to play an important role in the treatment of depression and other mental disorders. Cognitive Explanations During the 1960s and 1970s, cognitive theories of depression began to emerge. The cognitive theorist Aaron Beck proposed that the way that people interpret negative events could contribute to symptoms of depression. Beck suggested that negative automatic thoughts, negative self-beliefs, and errors in processing information were responsible for depressive symptoms.   According to Beck, depressed people tend to automatically interpret events in negative ways and view themselves and helpless and inadequate.?? The psychologist Martin Seligman suggested that learned helplessness could play a role in the development of depression. According to this theory, people often give up on trying to change their situation because they feel that nothing they do will make a difference. This lack of control leaves people feeling helpless and hopeless.?? The emergence of these cognitive models of depression played an important role in the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression Biological and Medical Explanations Where older conceptualizations of depression stressed the role of early experiences, more recent approaches increasing stress the biopsychosocial model that looks at the biological, psychological, and social factors that play a role in depression. During the 1970s, the medical model of mental disorders emerged and suggested that all mental disorders are primarily caused by physiological factors. The medical model views mental health conditions in the same way as other physical illnesses, which means that such conditions can also be treated with medication. Biological explanations for depression focus on factors such as genetics, brain chemistry, hormones, and brain anatomy.  This view played an important role in the development and increased use of antidepressants in the treatment of depression. How the Medical Model Explains Mental Disorders Treatments for Depression in the Recent Past During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, treatments for severe depression were generally not enough to help patients, leading many people desperate for relief to have lobotomies, which are surgeries to destroy the frontal portion of the brain. These surgeries were reputed to have a calming effect. Unfortunately, lobotomies often caused personality changes, a loss of decision-making ability, poor judgment, and sometimes even led to the patients death.?? Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which is an electrical shock applied to the scalp in order to induce a seizure, was also sometimes used for patients with depression. During the 1950s and 60s, doctors divided depression into subtypes of endogenous (originating from with the body) and neurotic or reactive (originating from some change in the environment).  Endogenous depression was thought to result from genetics or some other physical defect, while the neurotic or reactive type of depression was believed to be the result of some outside problems such as a death or loss of a job. The 1950s were an important decade in the treatment of depression thanks to the fact that doctors noticed that a tuberculosis medication called isoniazid seemed to be helpful in treating depression in some people.?? Where depression treatment had previously been focused only on psychotherapy, drug therapies now started to be developed and added to the mix. In addition, new schools of thought, such as cognitive-behavioral and family systems theory emerged as alternatives to psychodynamic theory in depression treatment. One of the first drugs to emerge for the treatment of depression was known as Tofranil (imipramine), which was then followed by a number of other medications categorized as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Such drugs provided relief for many people with depression but were often accompanied by serious side effects that included weight gain, tiredness, and the potential for overdose.???   Other antidepressants later emerged, including Prozac (fluoxetine) in 1987, Zoloft (sertraline) in 1991, and Paxil (paroxetine) in 1992. These medications, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), target serotonin levels in the brain and usually have fewer side effects than their predecessors. Newer antidepressant drugs that have emerged in the past couple of decades include atypical antidepressants such as Wellbutrin (bupropion), Trintellix (vortioxetine), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).   The 5 Major Classes of Antidepressants Our Understanding of Depression Today The term major depressive disorder (MDD) was first introduced by clinicians in the United States during the 1970s. The condition officially became part of the DSM-III in 1980. The current edition of the diagnostic manual is the DSM-5 and is one of the primary tools used in the diagnosis of depressive disorders.   While the condition is much better understood today than it was in the past, researchers are still working to learn more about the causes of depression. At the present time, doctors believe that depression arises from a combination of multiple causes including biological, psychological, and social factors. Causes and Risk Factors of Depression Modern views of depression incorporate an understanding of the many symptoms of this condition as well as the often cyclical effect that the symptoms can have. For example, depression can cause disturbances in sleep, appetite, and activity levels; in turn, poor sleep, diet, and exercise can exacerbate symptoms of depression.?? In addition to considering the psychological factors that contribute to depression, doctors are also aware that certain medical conditions such as hypothyroidism may cause depressive symptoms. The diagnosis of depression includes ruling out other medical conditions and other possible causes such as alcohol or substance use. How Depression Is Diagnosed With the DSM-5 Thanks to the improved understanding of the causes of depression, effective treatments have emerged. Psychotherapy and medications that target molecules called neurotransmitters are generally the preferred treatments, although electroconvulsive therapy may be utilized in certain instances, such as in treatment-resistant depression or severe cases where immediate relief is required. Other, newer, therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation, have also been developed in recent years in an attempt to help those who have failed to respond to therapy and medications. Unfortunately, the causes of depression are more complex than we yet understand, with no single treatment providing satisfactory results for everyone. Because depression is such a complex condition, mental health professionals often recommend a treatment approach that includes medications, psychotherapies, and lifestyle modifications. Tips for Living With Depression

Special Education - 2147 Words

According to the democratic theory postulated by Amy Gutmann, citizens should be entitled to make rules that govern educational policies at national levels. These policies should reflect the ongoing scrutiny of the liberal principles of nonrepression (education may not proscribe deliberation pertaining to any particular set of rational ideas) and nondiscrimination (parents nor educators may espouse practices that may deter children from partaking in a democratic education). Importantly, the discretional power of these citizens should be constrained by those fundamental principles of nondiscrimination and nonrepression. The realm of special education and its historical background in conjunction with the many facets of nondiscrimination†¦show more content†¦Only through extensive advocacy and incessant effort by supporters of nondiscriminatory practices was the Federal government able to intervene and decide court cases in favor of the plaintiff’s who sought equality i n society. In fact, one 1950’s court decision revolutionized the realm of special education and helped positively effectuate today’s legal standard of nondiscrimination and equality. The most significant landmark desegregation case that catalyzed special education reform in the United States was Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). In the summer of 1950, Oliver Brown and other African-American parents attempted to enroll their children in a â€Å"white elementary school† in Kansas. However, the parents were informed that their children must enroll in an African-American school. The parents being enraged decided to file suit against the Topeka Board of Education. Brown and other parents then sought the NAAP (National Advancement of Colored People). However, the state court of Kansas denied Brown and the NAAP due to the stipulations of the Plessy V. Ferguson doctrine which allowed separate but equal schools. The NAAP decided to appeal the case to the United States Supreme Court. Interestingly, during this time court cases in other states similar to the Brown case were being contested. The states that commenced these cases were Delaw are, South Carolina, and Virginia. These states in addition to Kansas of the Brown caseShow MoreRelatedSpecial Needs For Special Education1028 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction/Purpose Fitzgerald, Ryan Fitzgerald (2015) reported that it has been an increase of children identified with special education needs in different countries in Europe. One of the explanation for this influx is the definition of special needs recently changed, which caused more children to fall under that category. Since more children qualify for special education, professionals and parents need training and guidance on meeting the needs of those students. In Ireland, there is a challengeRead MoreEducational Education And Special Education1556 Words   |  7 Pagesover or coddled by general education teachers; teachers without the proper training, no less, expected to properly instruct these students with intellectual disabilities. Kids that are always expected too much of or doubted indefinitely. These are the children that don’t belong in a general education classroom. While mainstreaming, the act of blending general education and special education classes, can possess benefits for both general education and special education pupils, it should not be implementedRead MoreEssay special education11975 Words   |  48 Pagescan cause hip dislocation and deformed bone growth.   No treatment may be currently available to lessen Davids impairment. Disability:    Davids inability to walk is a disability.   His level of disability can be improved with physical therapy and special equipment.   For example, if he learns to use a walker, with braces, his level of disability will improve considerably. Handicap:    Davids cerebral palsy is handicapping to the extent that it prevents him from fulfilling a normal role at home, inRead MoreHistorical Background Of Special Education Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pages2011 according to the National Center for Education Statistics 13 percent of the total number of enrollment in the public school were receiving federally supported special education programs†. (National Center for Education Statistics) The goal of special education is for all students with or without a disability to be educated in the least restrictive environment. It is the common belief that special needs students should be placed in the general education classroom with their non-disabled peersRead MoreSpecial Education And The Benefits Of Technology1639 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education and the Benefits of Technology in the Classroom Special Education is a type of instruction designed to help disabled and gifted children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are usually held in a classroom called a resource roomRead MoreIntegrating Special Education Children596 Words   |  2 PagesDisadvantages of Integrating Special Education Children in Regular Classrooms Few topics have as much controversy as inclusion of children with special needs in regular classrooms. Few professionals question the appropriateness of inclusion of students with disabilities in regular classes. However, significant debate about which students should form part of the general education classes and the time they should spend in those classes persists. This has led to two groups, one for, and the other againstRead MoreSpecial Education Philosophy Paper2449 Words   |  10 PagesDescribe own special educational philosophy in terms of its metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and logic. My Philosophy of Special Education is that special education is teaching children who have special needs, which can interfere with their learning abilities. I believe special education compared to general education is merely an extension of services in helping all children learn. Learning is a process through which we increase our knowledge as a result of the experiences in our lives. WeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Inclusion For Special Education Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper I am going to be talking about the pros and cons of inclusion for Special Education children. By definition, Inclusion rejects the use of special schools or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities. Special Education is a topic that is important, even though people may not realize how important it is for the fact that they don’t understand what goes into Special Education for children in schools. â€Å"Negative beliefs many people have about individualsRead MoreGeneral Education And Special Education930 Words   |  4 PagesCo-Teaching Expectations Division of Labor General education and special education teacher are require to work together as a team to ensure the students in the inclusive classroom setting is learning with the accurate accommodation and tools to fit their needs. The general education and special education teacher work together to create a lesson plan to which it targets all areas of learning for all students in the inclusive classroom setting. Both teachers should sit together to discuss their concernsRead MoreSpecial Education Reflection1329 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: REFLECTION PAPER Reflection Paper En Tseh Wang Lehigh University Special Education 332 (Education and Inclusion of Individuals with Special Needs) has been enlightening for me as a secondary mathematics educator. In the beginning of the semester, my feelings towards special education were those of apathy and insensitivity. I now understand that my feelings were due to my lack of knowledge and my judgment based on stereotypes. I always knew that making fun of students

Childhood Obesity An Epidemic - 834 Words

In the United States, childhood obesity is an epidemic and in the past 30 years, childhood obesity have had nearly tripled. There are 31 % of American children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. And according to the numbers, more than 23 million of American children are either overweight or obese and more than 12 million are obese (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). The complications of obesity in the childhood period are broad, those include but limited to: hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, heart disease, cancer, asthma, psychosocial problems, and obstructive sleep apnea. The annual cost of childhood obesity in the U.S. is $14 billion that result from direct health expenses, and this will maximize the burdens on health care budget of the United States. So, without implementation of prevention programs for childhood obesity, a financial disaster would occur in the nation. The risk factors for obesity in children include: poor diet, lack of exercise, while the main contributing factors for childhood obesity are lack of healthy options in schools, lack of physical education, lack of open space for safe recreation activities, lack of parental knowledge and low rates of breastfeeding, fatty food industry marketing due to social and cultural factors, and availability of low price beverages (CDC, 2014). The rates of obesity among U.S. children are alarming to take actions; in 2012, the obesity has raised from 7% in 1980 to 18% in ages 6-12 yearShow MoreRelatedObesity : Childhood Obesity Epidemic1418 Words   |  6 Pageshis article â€Å"There is no Childhood Obesity Epidemic† discussed the there is a â€Å"stunning† drop in childhood obesity rate. He claims that obesity rates among two to five year olds have plunged over the past decade, and that the so called â€Å"obesity epidemic† had ended. I strongly disagree with Campos view tha t there is no childhood obesity epidemic, this is due to the researches that was done by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention which shows that childhood obesity has more than doubled inRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity1216 Words   |  5 Pagesintervening in order to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity claim that, â€Å"parents who strive to keep their kids healthy may not have all the tools they need to do so† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Therefore supporters agree that the government â€Å"should step in and enable parents to do the best job they can† (â€Å"Childhood Obesity.† Issues Controversies). Joe Thompson, â€Å"director of the Rober Wood Foundation Center to prevent Childhood Obesity† claims that not all parents are ableRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic876 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood obesity is more than a major issue in the United States: it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity has more than doubled in children and tripled in adolescents in the past 30 years [1]. American Heart Association stated, â€Å"Today one in three American kids and teens are overweight or obese; nearly triple theRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic1036 Words   |  5 PagesRainsu Kumbhani All About Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is an epidemic in U.S. In the year of 2012, about â€Å"one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese.† Also, percentages of childhood obesity have increased by over ten percent in the last thirty years in children and adolescents (Childhood Obesity Facts 2015). These statistics are shocking, and many people are concerned for the health of their children. This medical condition, as defined by Mayo Clinic, leads to seriousRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity continues to increase substantially each generation, especially here in the United States. Today, children have become more lazy while eating unhealthy and in excess. This trend ultimately results in increased healthcare problems throughout their life. Childhood obesity has increased because children eat in excess, they are allowed to eat food which is unhealthy, they lack the exercise needed to maintain a healthy weight, and are permittedRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is an epidemic in America. Many experts like doctors and dietitians have narrowed the epidemic to a few causes some being lack of exercise, genetics, and food insecurity. Exercise and genetics could lead to obesity in the way that you need exercise to burn fat and some people are genetically more inclined to store more fat. Obesity is having excessive amount of fat that could lead to other health problem which is scary to think that childhood obesity is something that is on theRead MoreThe Epidemic of Childhood Obesity2154 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Childhood obesity is an epidemic that goes on throughout the United States. Studies have shown how obesity in children may start, and how it affects each and every child in America. Childhood obesity has been getting attention in the media from famous celebrities all the way to the First Lady of the United States. There are many things that cause childhood obesity and very few ways to stop it. However, there are people out there who are trying to help by getting children active, eatingRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity3013 Words   |  13 Pages The epidemic of childhood obesity Childhood obesity is an important issue because of this diseases impact over the past few years. With the changing of lifestyles, the production of children who are not as healthy as they should be has increased. Due to these results, a widespread of children being obese has occurred. The Center for Disease Control, CDC, distinguishes between being overweight and being obese. Overweight simply means that the weight is high compared to others in the same height categoryRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood obesity is not merely an issue in the United States- it is an epidemic. The number of overweight and obese children in America has increased at an alarming rate over the past years, and there is no chance of it slowing down unless action is taken. Obesity puts children at a high risk of developing many serious illnesses. Not only do children who are obese have unhealthy weights, but they also have a high risk of having weak lungs, poor blood quality, and a variety of other sicknesses. Par entsRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is An Epidemic878 Words   |  4 PagesChildhood obesity is an epidemic that has been spreading around the United States like a wild fire in a dry field, increasing more and more without much resistance to stop it from spreading. The SPARK PE program was created in 1989, and aims to be that resistance against childhood obesity, with carefully planned programs in hopes of showing the youths of America that exercise and proper nutrition can lead to a successful, healthy life (SPARK). SPARK aims at achieving this goal by carefully planning

Why, according to Lee Kuan Yew, are Western democratic systems unsuited to East Asia Free Essays

Lee Kuan Yew, prime minister of Singapore between 1959 and 1990, and now Senior Minister of his country, commands much respect and influence in both the East and the West. This respect and influence reaches to the highest echelons of world leaders, to the vast multitude of academics, commentators and development strategists, and to the millions of people who live in East Asia. Regardless of whether or not this esteem is justified and deserved, ti is real, and therefore must be analysed, interpreted, criticised or praised while not forgetting the importance and effect his beliefs and proclamations have had, and will have. We will write a custom essay sample on Why, according to Lee Kuan Yew, are Western democratic systems unsuited to East Asia? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Any discussion of world politics, especially in East Asia, cannot ignore the hows, whys and wherefores of the current situation and the influence that current ideas and thought may have on the future. Lee’s views have undoubtedly shaped his own country, certainly have influenced other governments in the region, and will definitely bear their markon the short- to mid-term future of East Asian politics. This explains the reasons why this essay solely deals with him. The essay is divided into three main sections. Firstly, I will discuss Lee’s ideas and policies, and why he believes in an ‘Asian values’ view of the politics of the region. Secondly, I will explore some of the responses that have been made in opposition to his views, and thirdly, I will present some observations and conclusions of my own. These observations will draw on some other problems and inconsistencies with Lee’s ideas. Let us turn then to the man and his ideas. The central theme running through any study or discussion of his political ideas and actions is the importance that culture has on shaping the society and its structures. The shared history, traditions, make-up, worldview and social relationships are the key factors that determine how a state should be organised and governed. Thus, if the culture is different between two sets of peoples, then the resulting state structure and government type will also be different. Culture is the driver, the basis of society and the legitimacy used by those in power to decree what is best for their people. This viewpoint is often referred to as the ‘Asian values’ system (Ng, 1997, Theodore de Bary, 1999, Hague Harrop, 2001) and is summed up succinctly by the title of a famous interview with Lee which appeared in a 1994 edition of Foreign Affairs – ‘Culture is Destiny’ (Zakiria, 1994). The importance that Lee places on the cultural aspect of a society does not mean that what is right for his country is also right for other countries. Whilst consistently dismissing Western-, and in particular, US-style democratic systems as valid models for Singapore, he does not suggest that the US-style system is neccessarily wrong for the US. It is not my business to tell people what’s wrong with their system. It is my business to tell people not to foist their system indiscrimately on societies in which it will not work (Zakiria quoting Lee, 1994, p. 110). This can be seen as a statement recognising the particularity of political systems depending on the society / culture in question. Whilst Lee has been described as being authoritarian, semi-, or soft-authoritarian, he certainly doesn’t make claims for the world to be based on an Asian values system. It appears that his position is more concerned about keeping hold of power in Singapore rather than exporting it around the world. The main, fundamental as Lee calls it, cultural reason why Western democratic systems are unsuited to East Asia is the difference between the place and status of the individual in those societies. The fundamental difference between Western concepts of society and government and East Asian concepts†¦ is that Eastern societies believe that the individual exists in the context of his family. He is not pristine and separate. The family is part of the extended family, and the friends and the wider society. The ruler or government does not try to provide for a person what the family best provides (Zakiria quoting Lee, 1994, p. 113). This focus on the moral and virtuous notion of society is stongly linked to Confucianism, so often portrayed as being fundamentally East Asian and always compared with Western systems. Lee’s manifestation of this doctrine is used by him to legitimate and promote an East Asian society based on strong hierarchical structures to bring about social and political stability. In the East the main object is to have a well-ordered society so that everybody can have maximum enjoyment of his freedoms. This freedom can only exist in an ordered state and not in a natural state of contention and anarchy (Zakiria quoting Le, 1994, p. 111). These three main features of Lee’s take on East Asia’s political and social climate – culture, the place in society of the individual, and a well-ordered society – are admittedly affected and influenced by the West over time, and are not seen as developing without the impact of colonial rule and imperialism. †¦ ur Confucianism has been attenuated by 120 years of British rule and education in British and other English-speaking universities (IHT, 2001). But, despite this impact Lee steadfastly denies any further infusion of Western democracy into East Asia, especially Singapore. †¦ this doesn’t mean we are going to be like a Western society. The values are different (de Borch, 2001). L ee is not the torch-holder for everyone though. Whilst he receives praise from his counterparts around the world, there are many in the academic and development strategist world that strongly disagree with him. Of course, it is not just a simple case of disagreeing over a matter of opinion, there are many valid and strong arguments against Lee’s ideas. From this myriad of arguments, I have identified three main strands of contestation – historical arguments against Lee’s ‘Asian values’, the theoretical arguments concerning discussions of what democracy should be and how it should be followed in East Asia, and the problems and criticisms of the actually existing governing style of Lee. First then, arguments against Lee taken from history. There are two key aspects to this – the relevance of Confucianism to East Asia today, and evidence of a democratic tradition throughout East Asia’s past. Famously, Max Weber theorised about the particular contribution to advanced capitalism of the ‘Protestant ethic’. This, in turn, explained how other cultures, including Confucian cultures, were not suited to advanced capitalism. Clearly this can now be questionned, especially if, as many commentators have said, that East Asia is economically dynamic. If Confucianism explains the economic boom in East Asia today, does it not also explain that region’s stagnation for four centuries? Zakiria, 1994, p. 125). Kin Dae Jung, writing in response to the ‘Culture is Destiny’ interview, identifies a strong tradition and history of democratic ideals and institutions in East Asia’s past. This suggests that an argument could be made for ‘Asian values’ actually referring to a much more democratic system than the Confucian-based one that Lee propagates. A thorough anaylsis makes it clear that Asia has a rich heritage of democracy-oriented philosophies and traditions. Asia has already made great strides toward democratisation and possesses the necessary conditions to develop democracy even beyond the level of the West (Jung, 1994, p. 91). The second major criticism of Lee comes from studies of the theoretical nature of democracy and what it means, shuold mean, or can mean to East Asia. The basic premise is that why should democracy only be relevant to particular cultures and why should particular cultures have to follow other political paths? This highlights the argument for democracy’s universality. There is nothing special about torturing the Asian way†¦ human rights are human rights (Vatikiotis cited by Hague Harrop, 2001, p. 29). The rejection of Western-style democracy by East Asian leaders is also seen by some as merely an excuse for not moving beyond ‘soft-authoritarianism’ and into democracy. This is strongly tied up with the observation that this is simply the most effective way for leaders such as Lee to rule their countries. The biggest obstacle is not its cultural heritage but the resistance of authoritarian rulers and their apologists (Jung, 1994, p. 194). The third area of opposition to Lee’s ideas that can be identified is that of problems with the actually exisitng state and society structures and institutions. For some, just observing Lee’s form of rule is enough to reject his notions of what is the correct way to govern. These doubts stem chiefly from the Singapore government’s undeniably harsh treatment of the opposition, as evidenced in its most recent elections (Ng, 1997, p. 21) Also, there appears to be two threats to the whole ‘Asian values’ theory. Firstly, we have on the one hand Lee purporting to leave the individual’s private matters to the individual, whilst on the other it can be observed that his government is actually intruding into the private sphere more than ever (Jung, 1994, p. 90). Secondly, an external threat is apparent from the global spread of modernisation. †¦ as an inevitable consequence of industrialisation, the family-centred East Asian societies are also rapidly moving toward self-centred individualism. Nothing in human history is permanent (Jun, 1994, p. 21). In conclusion it must be said that Lee’s position in East Asia, and his reverance amongst Western opinion-formers should not distract us from dissecting and criticising his ideas. It is not good enough to assume that cultural traits should determine, worse still, justify the actions of governments, particularly Lee’s. There should be certain aspects to a government and society that are unacceptable no matter what setting. Lee makes much of the need for a ‘well-ordered’ society. The heavy-handed way this society is brought about blatantly contradicts Lee’s notions of freedom. He talks of East Asians being able to have â€Å"maximum enjoyment of his freedoms† but Lee’s notion of what is behaving and what is misbehaving sets a Singaporean’s realm of freedom for him. This is certainly not the freedom that John Stuart Mill wrote about. It could be argued that it is better to have a society that is not so ‘well-ordered’ but democratic, than it is to live in a society such as one that Lee envisages; faith must be placed with society to check its members’ activities rather than have all aspects of life limited by an all-seeing government. Lee’s ways may also only be suited to a small state such as Singapore. Even he admits that, within that small population, total control is practically impossible. This for me leads to the heart of the importance placed by Lee on ‘Asian values’ and why Western ideas of democracy are unsuited to East Asia. It is very hard to escape the conclusion that the justification of ‘Asian values’ is solely a political smokescreen to maintain power. It is even harder to escape this conclusion when the man himself proclaims: So when Americans tell me: you ought to govern in this way, I say thank you very much, I have listened to you very carefully, if I don’t think we are ready for that, I have to do it my way (IHT, 2001, my emphasis). How to cite Why, according to Lee Kuan Yew, are Western democratic systems unsuited to East Asia?, Papers

The Annual Inflation Rate Essays - Monetary Policy, Inflation

The Annual Inflation Rate The Annual Inflation Rate Just about everything we do as a nation lends to the annual inflation rate. In this article, though, I have chosen four of the most important variables that influence inflation the most. Inflation is the sustained increase in prices, or in other words, a steady decline in the buying power of the dollar. I have come up with an equation that includes the following variables: the unemployment rate, the federal funds interest rate, per capita income, and new home sales. These variables consistently have shown a relationship to the inflation rate and aggregately may help to explain the cause of inflation. The first variable I chose was the unemployment rate. This is the annual average of persons 15 years of age or older, actively seeking and available for work, but unemployed. (BLS). The relationship between unemployment and inflation ?provides evidence of a short-run trade-off between the two variables known as the short-run Phillips curve? (BLS). The relationship suggests that by accepting higher inflation levels, the Fed can use monetary policy to stimulate the economy and temporarily reduce unemployment. When prices go up, the wages are affected also. This occurs because if no adjustments are made, then the same wages will buy less goods and services, which affects consumer spending. Less spending means less profits, which ends in layoffs and higher unemployment. The flip side reveals the effect of unemployment on inflation. The hypothesis for this variable is that as the unemployment rate decreases, the annual inflation rate will increase. The reasoning here is that if more peopl e are employed and have money, there is more spending, more demand, and therefore prices will rise. The second variable I chose was the federal funds interest rate. Federal funds are the Fed's channel of affecting the economy through the banks. The Fed aims to maintain a steady economy with steady growth and stable prices. Too much money results in price increases, or inflation. Too little money slows growth. To increase money, the Fed buys bank-owned government securities. It pays with deposits, which enable more loans, which enable more deposits, and so on. To reduce money, the Fed sells government securities, and banks pay from their Fed accounts. This reduces reserves, forcing banks to reduce loans. So they raise interest rates to consumers and businesses. ?While reducing loans, a bank may find that its reserves are less than allowed under Fed regulations. To stay legal, it phones for a one-night loan from a bank with excess reserves. The borrowed funds move from one bank's Fed account to another's, thus the name federal funds? (Fedpoint15, p.2). The federal fund interest rate is a good indicator of what aims the Fed has for the economy and what state we are currently in. The hypothesis for this variable is that if the Fed raises interest rates, there must be too much money in the economy. The Fed is predicting a rise in inflation rates. So a rise in federal fund interest rates will reveal a rise in the inflation rate. The next variable I chose to explain inflation was per capita income. When consumers have and are spending more money, prices will continue to climb. Income though, plays another role in inflation. A rise in per capita income is a good indicator of higher wages. Wage escalation is a direct result of low unemployment rates. The more people working the more money is being made and spent, more demand and thus higher prices. Take a look from a different angle. (Lonski, p.1). The hypothesis here is that as per capita income increases, inflation will also increase. More money means more spending and more demand, as stated previously. Thus, prices will inflate. Other factors may also play a role such as when interest rates are raised to combat inflation. Will we then see the opposite effect take place? The fourth and final variable I chose to help explain inflation was new home sales. Construction spending is a good indicator of our nation's economy, but the actual purchase of new homes is probably a better indicator of consumer spending. If the houses are built and no one is buying, it does not help the economy. ?Volume of sales