TEM, SEM, EDS in Electron Microscopy Coursework - 1

TEM, SEM, EDS in Electron Microscopy - Coursework Example A selected area aperture is inserted into the back focal plane of the objective lens to select the required beam. When the direct beam is selected, a bright field image is formed, and when the diffracted beam is selected, a dark field image is formed. Bright field image The given micrograph shows a bright field image of a MgO crystal. The crystal specimen appears dark with a bright background. The background appears bright because only the direct beam of transmitted electrons is selected and let to pass through the aperture. The surface topology and the raised texture on top of the crystal are clearly observable. This kind of image is obtained by placing the objective diaphragm or the selected area aperture in the back focal plane of the objective lens. The aperture allows an only direct beam to pass through while blocking the diffracted beam. The direct beam appears as a bright central spot. The aperture also maintains the collection angle. As seen in the ray diagram below, the obje ctive aperture blocks the diffracted beam, allowing only the transmitted beam to reach the image plane. Darkfield image The given micrograph shows a dark field image of a MgO crystal. The crystal specimen appears lighter than the background. The background is dark. The edges of the crystal are highly pronounced. ...In case of the dark field imaging, also called as the central dark field operation, the selected area aperture is not shifted, but the incident beam is tilted to allow the scattered electrons in the diffracted beam to pass through the objective aperture. A collective ray diagram for both bright field and dark field imaging is given below: Selected Area Diffraction Pattern The given micrograph shows the selected area diffraction pattern of a MgO crystal. The lattice structure of the crystal is easily decipherable from the given SAED pattern. Diffraction from a single crystal in a polycrystalline sample can be captured if the aperture is small enough and the crystal is larg e enough. To obtain such a pattern, the selected area aperture is placed in the image plane of the objective lens and used to select only one part of the image. Using projector lenses to focus on electron beams to obtain small spots on the object surface, the diffraction patterns can be obtained. Using this pattern, the lattice of crystals can be easily studied and it is also possible to determine the orientation relationships between grains or even different phases. 2. (a) From a lattice image obtained from a single crystal of BaZrO3 (Fig. 4) determine the magnification. Compare this with the magnification obtained using the scale bar.

Opportunity Costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Opportunity Costs - Essay Example sources are never enough to satisfy human needs and wants, and the concept of opportunity cost, therefore, informs choices among alternative use of resources. Individuals, firms and governments face opportunity cost from time to time in their efforts to allocate resources for the most suitable purpose (Keat & Young, 2006). At an individual level, one may want to pay for mortgage and buy a car given a certain level of resource available. While both the car and mortgage are equally important to the individual, the individual may forego the car and make the mortgage payment. The individual pays for the mortgage at the expense of the car. The car is the next-best alternative given up when the individual pays for the mortgage. In a firm’s context, the firm may want to maximize shareholders’ wealth and at the same time retain significant profits for firm operations. If the firm chooses to maximize shareholders’ wealth at the expense of retaining more profits for the firm, more profits becomes the foregone item (Douma & Schreuder, 2008). In the choice made in this case, the next-best alternative is shareholder wealth maximization. Governments also face opportunity cost. A government may want to finance a healthcare project while it also needs to acquire more military equipment using the same resources. Choosing to finance the healthcare project over acquiring military equipment makes military equipment acquisition the foregone item. The choice to finance healthcare makes military equipment acquisition the next-best

Poerty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Poerty - Essay Example He cautions that the world is wavering by accepting the pleasures of the technological advancement and the impact of the materialistic civilization on the society. He observes the small experiences of life as the unique gift of Nature and wonders about the play of the pair of opposites. He treats grief as an essential ingredient of human life and he is not overwhelmed by those feelings as such and his poems do not take extreme positions. Thus an ordinary trip to farmer’s market or an incident of suicide does not evoke extreme thought-currents in him. His poems are ever calm and the worst situations do not create any harmful waves in his heart and also in the hearts of the readers. The readers experience the pleasure to follow him, not the compulsion. His voice is friendly with an ingredient of humor and at the same time funny, warm and not disrespectful and he has the strong inclination to connect with others through grim and violent situations or incomprehensible circumstance s. The poet’s drive for empathy is pleasingly positive, as he searches, sometimes frenziedly, for any appearance of hope. Having said this, one important aspect relating to the poetry is, a poet does not have control over his emotions in those inspirational moments, as poetry is hailed as the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. Nature â€Å"scraps joy† for the poet and that bounty flows through his pen for the benefit of those who have the capacity to accept such simple but profound bounties. Dickman makes his hearty intentions quite clear in â€Å"Slow Dance.† â€Å"There is no one to save us because there is no need to be saved. I’ve hurt you. I’ve loved you. I’ve mowed the front yard.†(38-41) Dickman is the master of the inner world of an individual as such he can correctly express and interpret the different types of emotions generating therein. When one begins reading a poem and reaches up to the end, one feels amply rewar ded as they ooze a sense of fulfillment. Tony Hoagland, in his introduction to All-American Poem, says, â€Å"We turn loose such poets into our culture so that they can provoke the rest of us into saying everything on our minds. They use the bribery of imagination to convince us of the benefits of liberty.† Materialistic civilization and internet revolution have ushered an era of push buttons and a life of hurry. In â€Å"Slow Dance† the author advises the reader to check the momentum, think positively, shun the distractions and enjoy each and every incident of life, as if they are the nature-ordained blessings. Each action, each result, each experience has an element of joy and one has to scrap through it. There are two types of slowing down in life—one you slow down unable to bear the burden of life; second, you willfully and consciously slow down, take time to appreciate life, contemplate on events or developments and try to discover their meanings. In that s ituation you are neither the winner nor the defeatist. What matters is your inquisitiveness to know the reality of that experience. Every moment of life is meaningful, contains new experiences, and you will not be able to experience them for the second occasion in your lifetime, as such they are special. The sights, sounds and events ingrained in that moment are all special. An eternal music is being played and one needs to take note of the notes of music being played at a particular time. Poetry flows

Legal-business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal-business - Assignment Example EFFECTIVITY DATE: This agreement executed by the â€Å"FIRST PARTY† and the â€Å"SECOND PARTY† shall start to commence on ______________, 2011 and ending on _____________, 2012, renewable thereafter upon such terms as may be agreed upon by both parties as long as they are still employees of ABC CORPORATION; 2. DATING POLICY: The parties herein agree that they shall abide by the dating policy guidelines imposed in the Employee Handbook of ABC CORPORATION, and shall be subjected to fine, sanctions and penalties, for any violation of the provisions of the aforementioned dating policy; 3. PURPOSE: The purpose for which this agreement was executed is to free ABC CORPORATION, the employer of both parties, from any liability in the event the romantic dating relationship of both parties shall end; 4. ... parties herein agree that any disputes resulting from the romantic dating relationship shall be resolved only within office premises, and with the intervention of Management through the Human Resource Department; 6. WAIVER: This agreement shall serve as a waiver in the event that any of the herein parties shall attempt to file a Sexual Harassment case in court. 7. MODIFICATION OF THE CONTRACT: The agreement shall not be, in any way, be amended, modified or except by virtue of a written instrument duly signed by the duly â€Å"FIRST PARTY† AND â€Å"SECOND PARTY. 8. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have affixed their signatures herein below on the date and place first above written. __________________________ ___________________________ FIRST PARTY SECOND PARTY By: By: ________________________________ _______________________________ SIGNED IN THE PRESENCE OF: _________________________________ ________________________________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT United States of America) State of __ ___________) Before me, this _______ day of April, 2011, personally appeared: NAME GOV. ID WITH PIC PLACE ISSUED/ DATE Known to me as the same persons who executed the foregoing instrument, and they acknowledged to me that the same is their free act and deed. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand, and affixed my notarial seal on the day, year and place above written. ____________________ Notary Public MEMORANDUM DATE: APRIL 12, 2011 TO: ALL EMPLOYEES FROM: HOTEL MANAGEMENT RE: â€Å"ENGLISH ONLY† RULE IN THE HOTEL PREMISES ______________________________________________________________________________ This memorandum serves as a guideline on the new policy imposed by the hotel to regarding the strict implementation of â€Å"English Only† Rule, as the medium of communication among the hotel

Target Market and Marketing Strategy Assignment

Target Market and Marketing Strategy - Assignment Example The second part of the assignment elaborates a product overview which is created and the target market is developed with respect to the product. The product is created keeping in mind the market demand of United States (US). The product being washing powder or laundry detergent is highly used in every household of US. The product which is created is named as White Magic and its features are created keeping in mind the other competitor’s detergent features so that it is fit for US market. Lastly, a competitor analysis is done to identify the biggest player in the US detergent market. Abraham Maslow is known for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs Theory in 1943. Maslow’s theory of needs reflects the basic human requirements and highlights the scale of motivations that result in desired outcomes. The theory explains that the motivation for any action made by any human being is an unfulfilled need. It identifies five primary areas of needs that are experienced by most humans. The five levels are a physiological need, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and lastly the self-actualization needs (Daina, 2007). Maslow stated that the human behavior and decision-making are guided by one of the five need levels in his hierarchy that are discussed above. Now apply this theory to the marketing concept it can be implied that consumer targets can reflect a basis of perspectives and the decisions that come with those perspectives. The main determinant of potential success is the ability to effectively appeal to one the above motivational drivers (Thompson, 2013). When a company is selling a product to a customer they are not only selling the product but also selling the idea and the image of the product to the customer. The companies promise to fulfill one or more needs in the hierarchy. Thus the marketing campaign plays an important role in marketing a product. A marketing campaign in order to be successful should motivate the people who are at lower levels of needs. Knowing consumer taste is the key to a successful company.

Motives and Incentives and Their Impact On the Performance of Essay

Motives and Incentives and Their Impact On the Performance of Employees In Government Hospitals within The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the modern business environment poses a significant challenge for businesses at both the local and international level. The global crisis has made it increasingly vital for organizations to take measures to ensure the life of their businesses, overcoming both internal and external operation factors to achieve revenue growth and corporate performance. It is widely agreed that effective management of one of the most important factors for organizations to stay profitable in a highly competitive global economy. These factors of production are the three M’s: materials, machine, and manpower. It is the last of these, the human resource of a company, which poses the biggest challenge. A motivated employee is a valuable asset that brings tremendous worth to an organization. This research will try to look into the style and strategies of Al-Amal Hospital in Jeddah, the company in focus, in dealing with their workforce and how their workf orce stays motivated and happy with their job. It is the purpose of this paper to identify the motivational strategies and incentives that would improve employee behavior in the workplace. The focus of this study will be an evaluation of the practices of hospitals in Saudi Arabia, particularly Al-Amal Hospital in Jeddah. This will include an evaluation of the employee motivation and incentive strategies available to Al-Jamal Hospital, how they were applied in the organization and the effectiveness of these approaches. As the data collected for random sampling will be from a single company, this study will be demographically limited. The opinions, feelings, beliefs, and situation of participants may, therefore, be insufficient to totally represent the situations at other hospitals in Saudi Arabia or the feeling of their employees toward motivation and incentives. In terms of the secondary data from the various literature, studies, and researchers, there is a potential risk of relying upon information that cannot be proven correct within the context of this study, given that the results will not be derived not from data based on empirical study.

Multiple Regression Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multiple Regression - Coursework Example Simple regression analysis is used to establish the relationship between one variable and the other. One set of the variables is the dependent variable and the other set is the independent variable. The independent variable changes and in turn affects the dependent variable. Simple regression is used to establish whether or not indeed the independent variable determines the change that takes place in the dependent variable. It is also used to establish the way in which the two variables are related, such that on having one of the variables, it is possible to predict its corresponding value using the determined regression formula. On the other hand, multiple regressions is used to establish the relationship between one dependent variable and more than one independent variables. In this case, the dependent variable is affected directly by more than one independent variable and the manner in which it is affected is established by the multiple regression analysis. This analysis comes up with a formula which can be used to predict the value of the dependent variable given a set of corresponding independent variables. It is not possible to conduct multiple regression analysis using only the data that I have been collecting as shown above. Multiple regression analysis is used in the case where the dependent variable is affected directly by the more than one independent variables.